- A Replicate mainly when directed by chloroplast DNA in plant cells according to most studies
- B Contain their own DNA and ribosomes, enabling synthesis of some of their own proteins
- C Can move independently between cells without any external signal under usual circumstances
- D Function largely independently of any nuclear-encoded proteins in the majority of documented cases
Correct answer: B. Contain their own DNA and ribosomes, enabling synthesis of some of their own proteins
Explanation: Mitochondria possess their own circular DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to synthesize some of their own proteins, though they still depend on the nucleus for many other proteins, hence 'semi-autonomous'.
Concept context
Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain, fermentation, and the respiratory quotient. The cellular energy-release counterpart to photosynthesis.