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🔬 Biology  ·  Neural Control and Coordination  ·  NEET

Spinal cord injury above C<sub>4</sub> affects:

Answer: Breathing and all limbs (may require ventilator).

  • A Mainly leg movement, leaving the arms and trunk unaffected
  • B Breathing and all limbs (may require ventilator)
  • C Mainly arm movement, sparing the lower limbs largely
  • D Mainly bladder control, with limb function largely preserved

Correct answer: B. Breathing and all limbs (may require ventilator)

Explanation: The phrenic nerve (C<sub>3</sub>-C5) controls the diaphragm. Injury above C<sub>4</sub> can affect breathing and all four limbs (quadriplegia).

Labeled diagram of a neuron showing dendrites, cell body (soma) with nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, Nodes of Ranvier, and axon terminals

Structure of a neuron. Image: LadyofHats (Mariana Ruiz), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

Concept context

Brain, spinal cord, neurons, reflex arcs, and sense organs.

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