- A Mainly the removal of producers from the base of a food web over time
- B A change at one trophic level affects multiple levels (top-down or bottom-up effects)
- C Competition increasing specifically between exactly two competing species nearby
- D Mainly a change occurring at the very base of the food web structure
Correct answer: B. A change at one trophic level affects multiple levels (top-down or bottom-up effects)
Explanation: Trophic cascade: changes at one trophic level ripple through the food web. E.g., removing wolves allows deer to overgraze, reducing vegetation.
Concept context
Levels of biodiversity, species richness patterns, threats (HIPPO), and conservation strategies. Always in NEET.