- A Chemical treatment with polyethylene glycol or electrical stimulation
- B Mainly by using direct microinjection techniques on isolated protoplasts
- C Mainly through treatment with restriction enzymes that nick the cell membrane
- D By exposing the protoplasts to UV radiation to induce membrane fusion
Correct answer: A. Chemical treatment with polyethylene glycol or electrical stimulation
Explanation: Protoplast fusion can be induced chemically using polyethylene glycol (PEG) or physically using electrical stimulation (electrofusion). Both methods destabilize the plasma membranes to allow fusion.
Concept context
Learn about animal husbandry, plant breeding, tissue culture, biofortification, and single cell protein.
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