- A Mutualism: A benefits, B benefits; Commensalism: A benefits, B unaffected; Amensalism: A harmed, B unaffected
- B Mutualism: A benefits, B harmed; Commensalism: A harmed, B benefits; Amensalism: both harmed during normal conditions
- C Mutualism: both harmed; Commensalism: both benefit; Amensalism: both unaffected as generally observed in typical laboratory settings
- D Mutualism: A unaffected, B harmed; Commensalism: both harmed; Amensalism: both benefit under usual circumstances
Correct answer: A. Mutualism: A benefits, B benefits; Commensalism: A benefits, B unaffected; Amensalism: A harmed, B unaffected
Explanation: Mutualism benefits both species; commensalism benefits one while the other is unaffected; amensalism harms one species while the other remains unaffected, as in a large tree shading out a smaller plant.
Concept context
How organisms interact with abiotic factors and respond to stress, plus population attributes, growth models, and interspecific interactions such as predation, competition, and mutualism.