- A A DNA sequencing-based laboratory test that directly reads the full genome sequence of suspected viral pathogens in many documented cases according to conventional understanding
- B Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: detects antibodies or antigens using enzyme-labeled antibodies; used to screen blood samples for HIV antibodies
- C A Western blot confirmatory test that separates and identifies viral proteins using gel electrophoresis techniques in routine practice overall
- D A laboratory culture method used specifically to grow and propagate live HIV virus particles in cell culture in most cases under typical conditions
Correct answer: B. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: detects antibodies or antigens using enzyme-labeled antibodies; used to screen blood samples for HIV antibodies
Explanation: ELISA uses enzyme-labeled secondary antibodies to detect target antibodies or antigens. For HIV: patient serum is added to HIV antigen-coated plate; HIV antibodies (if present) bind; enzyme-linked anti-human antibody is added; substrate color change indicates positive result. Confirmed by Western blot.
Concept context
Innate and adaptive immunity, B cells, T cells, antibodies, vaccines, and immune disorders. Critical for NEET.