- A Counter-current flow in the loop of Henle and vasa recta
- B Renal artery and renal vein together in typical laboratory settings
- C Proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbing salts as generally observed
- D Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule together under normal conditions
Correct answer: A. Counter-current flow in the loop of Henle and vasa recta
Explanation: The counter-current arrangement of the loop of Henle and vasa recta progressively increases osmolarity towards the inner medulla, enabling concentrated urine formation.
Concept context
Nitrogenous waste, kidney structure, urine formation in the nephron, and hormonal regulation of excretion.
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