- A Random, undirected change in allele frequencies that occurs largely independently of environmental fitness pressures under most conditions encountered
- B Process where organisms with traits better suited to the environment survive and reproduce more, passing traits to offspring
- C Mutation occurring at a roughly identical, fixed rate across nearly every gene in the entire genome as frequently observed in practice
- D Deliberate selective breeding of organisms carried out intentionally and methodically by human breeders in many documented cases
Correct answer: B. Process where organisms with traits better suited to the environment survive and reproduce more, passing traits to offspring
Explanation: Natural selection: individuals with heritable traits that improve survival and reproduction in a given environment leave more offspring than those without. Over generations, advantageous traits become more common. Darwin's key insight: variation + heritability + differential survival/reproduction = evolution.
Concept context
Origin of life, Darwin's theory, natural selection, speciation, and evidence for evolution.