- A A nationwide government campaign that was specifically organized decades ago to reduce industrial air pollution levels in major Indian cities during normal conditions
- B A famous Indian environmental movement (1973, Uttarakhand) where villagers (mainly women) embraced trees to prevent logging; led to forest conservation policies
- C A rural development initiative that focused mainly on promoting rainwater harvesting techniques across drought-prone regions of India as generally observed
- D A government-sponsored movement that specifically promoted solar energy adoption across remote rural villages throughout the country in typical laboratory settings
Correct answer: B. A famous Indian environmental movement (1973, Uttarakhand) where villagers (mainly women) embraced trees to prevent logging; led to forest conservation policies
Explanation: Chipko Movement (1973, Uttarakhand, India): villagers, led by Gaura Devi and inspired by Sunderlal Bahuguna, embraced trees ('chipko' = to hug/cling) to prevent commercial logging. Spread across India. Led to 15-year ban on commercial felling in Himalayan forests. Inspired global tree-hugging conservation movements.
Concept context
Pollution, global warming, ozone depletion, deforestation, and sustainability. Important for NEET and general awareness.