- A Transferring the nucleus of an adult somatic cell into a previously enucleated egg cell directly under typical conditions
- B Yamanaka reprogramming: introducing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc into adult somatic cells to revert them to pluripotent state
- C Cloning entire embryos through the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer repeatedly according to standard textbooks
- D Treating isolated embryonic cells with a precisely defined cocktail of small-molecule chemicals instead in general practice
Correct answer: B. Yamanaka reprogramming: introducing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc into adult somatic cells to revert them to pluripotent state
Explanation: iPSCs (Yamanaka 2006 Nobel Prize): introducing 4 transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) into adult cells reprograms them to embryonic-like pluripotent state. Avoids embryo destruction.
Concept context
GM crops, transgenic animals, gene therapy, molecular diagnostics, and bioethics. Frequent 2–3 mark questions in NEET.